I have always favoured a combination of community service, corporal punishment and exile.
I do
not approve of fines (There is far too much incentive for government to use the "Law" and "crime" as a source of revenue, which they have done with vigour, ever since the Norman invasion!)
For the most part, I am not a big fan of prison either, a very expensive solution. It has its place, but any sentance more than 3 months is increacingly counterproductive. (Those who I would see in prison would experiance relativly short sentences in "cold dark" solatary confinement rather than long years of expensive tedium. Except for those exiled I want people to re-enter socioty as productive individuals as quickly as possible-long sentances do not achieve this!)
As a VERY ROUGH guide (there is lots of room for debate

)
Comunity servcie, primarily for crimes that do not involve a specific victim (Fraud of all sorts, etc)
Flogging, for "minor" crimes involving specific victims and willfull disregard for the welfare of others.
(Sentences may include a combination of flogging and community service)
Exile for those who one does not wish to see again! either because of the nature of the offence or the risk of repeat offending or both.
(By exile, say a crash course in crofting and then exile to West falkland. You are free in so far as you are not in prison, but you cant leave the island and on it, you are on your own! (Escape from New York style) as an alternatve, you may apply for residancy in any other country that is willing to have you-as long as you never come back!)
As for Capital punishment, there may be some cases where it is justified. But it should be remembered that for some offences "Exile" will effectivly be a capital sentence!
In any case all All sentances should be "Public"
IE Comm service-Tabbards saying so!
Flogging (and even those rare execution moments) should be public. And I mean "Tyburn tree" public as it were. any socioty that is prepared to have such sanctions should not perform them behind closed doors!