I had a mate once who, as a student, used to show his auto into "park" as a means of doing a handbrake turn

. I was amazd how long his transmission lasted whislt doing this "party piece" and it was actually a half shaft that eventually snapped rather than the pawl mechanism inside the box!
Yes, handbrakes are the "emergency brake" and need to achieve a minimum decel during type approval. They have a minimum efficiency to meet in the MOT test. That said, some cars are really awful in this respect.
Drum-in-disc handbrakes are (I think) the best solution on cars with rear discs, but not as common as you'd think because they're expensive. Ed might have a better feel than me for the number of cars using ordinary mechanical actuators on the pads, certainly my car and my wife's have the simpler setup.
Not sure why it's "bleedin' obvious" that one should leave it in first if parked up-hill and reverse if parked down hill??? Often, on many cars, reverse is the lowest gear but there can be very little in it. I tend to use reverse when facing either up OR down hill because of this.