To get around the high frequency losses of the cable, many guitars have a small capacitor in parallel with the volume pot which lets the high frequencies through as the volume is lowered.
It should also be remembered that a guitar has a very limited frequency range, and that the final output device is even more limited - typically one or more 12" speakers.
Most guitar circuits still follow the basic design of the very first electric guitars (1930), and certainly haven't changed since the fifties. When attempts are made to change things there is generally a high level of resistance (sorry about the pun), because if it worked for Hendrix then it doesn't need to be changed. High impedance pickups (well mainly high reactance) come from using lots of turns to try and get high signal levels and reduce noise.
We have had low impedance pick-ups but they require active circuitry (an amp) on the guitar to avoid noise and to feed the amps designed for the standard pickups. But for many adding a battery adds another failure point, and besides if it worked for...
We also now have virtual guitars - the earlier ones using six way pickups to create midi data and a synth setup to generate the sound, but these always had limitations because it is very hard to get midi to convey the detailed nuances of pick noise, scrapes etc. The most amazing setup however is from Line-6 with their
Variax which digitally samples then remodels the sound to produce anything you want from a guitar that looks like it has no pickups. Again user resistance is high, despite amazing sound, but some of that is down to quality and feel (the frets are not dressed well). I want one - with a Vetta II amp, and pedal board which gives you two virtual amps and any guitar (and turning) you want switched by a single pedal press.