gopher wrote:
Can you explain, in laymans terms (I am a layman), how they've achieved this?
Well, if you want a basic introduction..
http://www.aip.org/history/climate/summary.htm
If that's too much, then..
(a) Earth is warmed by the sun. This means that it radiates infrared back out into space.
(b) Various gases in the atmosphere (Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Methane) absorb this infrared, which was travelling upwards, and re-emit it in a random direction half of which will be back downwards.
(c) So the more of these gases, the more the atmosphere radiates heat back to the surface. If this didn't happen, you'd be scraping frozen nitrogen off of your car in the morning.
(d) Water vapour has the biggest effect, but it always acts to amplify any changes in the others - the warmer the atmosphere, the more water vapour. So the 1 degree warming direct from carbon dioxide becomes about 3 degrees including feedback.
For those of us in the UK, the consequences shouldn't be too drastic, apart from very low-lying areas, for the next 100 years. A fairly big chunk of the third world stands to get it in the shorts, though; India and China will have big water supply problems, and most of Bangladesh will probably cease to exist. But bear in mind that this is a 100 year projection, and I suspect that things may change a bit in the meantime.
But if there is one prediction I'll bet my hat on, it's that no oil well, anywhere, will ever be shut because of global warming concerns.
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