dcbwhaley wrote:
... and a very obvious warning that they are about to do so, as at level crossings.
At level crossings you see the gate coming down; no other warning can be as obvious as that. I've seen amber/red gamblers, but I've never seen a gate gambler.
dcbwhaley wrote:
One solution would be for there to be a delay before the bollards rise [...] Another would be for drivers to leave a sensibly gap between them and the vehicle in front

True, but you can't have both otherwise you're back at square 1. The rise must be quick, immediate and obvious to the driver.
At low speeds, a sensible gap can be quite small:
Total stopping distance at 25mph = 17m, for which a gap of >
1.5 seconds is required to ensure non-contact (assuming a sudden brick wall, 0.67s, 0.67G).