I always thought a set of lights was considered "broken" if they hadn't changed for more than 10 minutes. I have no idea where I picked this up, probably not the highway code, but it seems reasonable to me.
As for RLC enforced broken traffic lights, about the only thing I can think of is to carry some bin bags and cable ties in the car. Since the light is permanantly on red you will have plenty of time to cover the camera and then drive through
Seriously though, research in the US shows that red light cameras increase rear-end shunts, and the problems for emergency vehicles has already been covered. I guess the real problem though is the way the films from the cameras are used.
The emergency vehicles problem is easy to solve. Many traffic lights have systems in place to detect oncoming emergency vehicles and change to green for them. The type approval for red light cameras should be changed so that they can only be used on traffic lights fitted with this system (and where the system changes sufficiently in advance to allow all cars to clear the junction on green). Red light cameras should also be painted yellow like speed cameras so that a driver at a junction not fitted with this system (and no camera) knows they're not going to get done when the emergency vehicle approaches.
The problem of stopping times in marginal cases could be solved by increasing the amber time, though I imagine that this would cause more amber gamblers. I really think there should be a review of amber times and posted as such in the thread about the East Lancs road. I think it should be 1 second for every 10mph on the speed limit (or 85th %ile if you prefer) so 3 seconds in a 30 etc. Perhaps an additional second for junctions with the cyclist storage thing at the front would help allieviate that problem.
I also understand that most red light cameras don't start monitoring the junction until 2.9 seconds which may help the decision making process a little.
These days, if I don't know the phasing of a particular set of lights, I'll tend to back off until I've seen a complete cycle and seen it change to green. I then know exactly how long I've got to reach and clear the stop line and will start to slow down very early if it's not going to be possible to make it (in quiet times, I aim to be reaching the stop line just as it changes to green so that I don't have to waste time accelerating)